156) My father sent me a cool book about ancient Roman religion.
This takes me back to my student days, studying Latin and Greek... walking to Old Main (the building that housed the Classics Department) through a foot of snow, early on a winter morning, before the sun was up... Freshman year, I had Beginning Greek at 7:45 AM, followed an hour later by Intermediate Latin. The next year, the school changed the schedule so the earliest class was at 8 AM. Still plenty early, especially for a college student whose social life occurred between 10 PM and 2 AM. 
Anyway, this book is neat. According to it, this is the time of year-- around the 9th full moon of the year-- to celebrate the Eleusinian Mysteries. What they were, we're not really sure. Initiates were under pain of death not to reveal what went on. But here's what we do know:
The Eleusinian Mysteries were focused around the myth of Ceres and her daughter Persephone. They were open to anyone who spoke Greek and had not committed murder. They began in the last half of September and lasted around 10 days. People from all over the Mediterranean made the pilgrimage to Athens to participate in these rites.
From here on, I'm quoting directly from the book Classical Living by Dr. Frances Bernstein. Anything in brackets, [so], is my interpolation.
"Day 1: Young men selected for their physical dexterity and athleticism left Athens for the town of Eleusis to escort the sacred objects back to Athens on the following day.
"Day 3: Thousands of men and women gathered in the grand Agora [Marketplace] of Athens to declare themselves participants and hear the high priest state the rules.
"Day 4: The initiates marched to the sea to purify themselves in the briny water. Each initiate also washed a piglet that he or she would sacrifice later that day. [Catherine says: Must have been a loooooot of piglets back then! Actually, I bet only rich people could afford a piglet. Maybe poor people had to make due with a loaf of bread shaped like a pig.]
"Day 5: A sacrifice was offered to the two goddesses.
"Day 7: The initiates walked along the Sacred Way to Eleusis, following behind the sacred objects. As they walked, they swung branches of myrtle tied with wool in rhythm to a beat and shouted the name 'Iakchos.' They carried torches, as the goddess Ceres did in her search. A ritual bath in the river ended the day's journey.
"The initiates were welcomes into Eleusis and, at the sight of the first star, broke their two-day fast just as the goddess [Persephone] had done. Special round pottery dishes and tiny cups of grain, peas, and beans were displayed for all to see. That night, the women apparently danced suggestively and sang obscene songs, although celibacy was mandatory.
"Day 8: The final phase of initiation occurred in a building built solely for this purpose. The Telesterion was a large flat-roofed, windowless square hall capable of holding thousands of people on rows of seats lining the sides. In the center was the Anaktoron, a sacred stone construction, closed to view, containing the throne of the high priest. This must have been a very dark and mysterious place. The initiates drank the sacred drink, kykeon, and attended the mystery rites.
"Day 9: There was dancing, feasting, and singing after the rites were completed. As a closure ceremony, a libation was made with all participants facing the east, looking to the sky, and shouting "Rain," then turning to the west, facing down at the earth, and shouting "Conceive!" (or "Hye," then "Kye," in Greek). The clothes the initiates wore were later used as swaddling clothes for newborn infants."
A tangent on Kykeon
What is this "kykeon" drink, I hear you ask? Well, read on and learn!
Kykeon was a drink of barley, water, and herbs that some suggest contained traces of barley mold (ergot), a substance similar to LSD. Homer writes of its preparation in the Iliad, Book 2, lines 638 to 641:
"Fair-haired Hecamede made kykeon for them... First she moved a table up to them, a fine polished table with a dark gleaming stand: on it she placed a bronze disk with an onion in it as a relish to the drink, and also yellow honey. Next came the cup of holy barley meal. Thus, in a cup, the lovely woman made a kykeon for them with Pramnian wine: she grated goat's cheese into it with a bronze grater, and sprinkled barley on it, and when she had prepared the kykeon, she invited them to drink."
But leukothea, I hear you cry, that's not very informative! Why don't you tell us how we can make kykeon in our own homes? Well, I'm glad you asked.
This is a modern version, adapted from a recipe found in Cato's treatise on how to live in the country, De Agricultura, 85.)
- 2/3 cup semolina
- 16 ounces ricotta cheese
- 1/3 cup honey
- 1/2 cup beaten egg
Place the semolina in a medium-sized pan, cover with water, and soak for fifteen minutes. Drain the water from the semolina and add the ricotta cheese, honey, and beaten egg. Bring slowly to a very low boil and allow to simmer for a few minutes. Cool before serving.
There! Aren't you glad you asked?